absolute: term used to describe plant materials which are obtained by means of enfleurage or solvent extraction.
acids:
a category of organic plant molecules which occasionally occur in
essential oils. Essential oils rich in acids are Benzoin, Birch,
Geranium Rose and Ylang-Ylang.ACS: American Chemical Society
air freight: a system of transporting freight by air.alcohols: organic
compounds that contain a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a saturated
carbon. Essential oils rich in alcohols are Geranium, Lavender,
Marjoram, Patchouli, Petitgrain, Peppermint, Ravensara and Rose
aldehydes:
category of organic molecules found in essential oils that contain a
carbonyl group (C=O). Aldehydes have one or two hydrogen atoms
directly attached to the carbonyl group. Essential oils rich in
aldehydes are Eucalyptus, Citronella, Lemongrass.
aliphatic compounds: open-chain hydrocarbons with either straight or branched structure, this is further divided into alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.
allergen statement: does not contain or derive from any allergens, including: 1) Eggs 2)
Milk or dairy derivatives 3) Wheat 4) Buckwheat 5) Peanuts 6) Ear shell
7) Cuttlefish 8) Salmon roe 9) Lobster & Shrimp 10) Orange 11) Crab
12) Kiwi 13) Beef 14) Walnuts 15) Salmon 16) Mackerel 17) Soybean 18)
Chicken 19) Pork 20) Mushroom 21) Peach 22) Yam 23) Apple 24) Gelatin
25) Banana 26) Rice 27) Fishes or fish derivatives 28) Cereals
containing gluten 29) Crustaceans 30) Tree nuts 31) Celery 32) Mustard
33) Sesame seed 34) Sulfur dioxide 35) Sulfites 36) Animal or animal
derivatives 37) Grape or grape derivatives 38) Lupin 39) Molluscs
(gastropods, bivalves or cephalopods).alkaloids:
any of various organic compounds normally with base chemical properties
and usually containing at least one nitrogen atom in a heterocyclic
ring, occuring chiefly in many vascular plants and some fungi.
antioxidant: a molecule capable of slowing or preventing the oxidation of other molecules.
aroma chemical: (aka
- flavoring substance) a manufactured substance (vanillin,
benzaldehyde, etc.,) used as a component of flavoring, or sometimes
used as a flavoring itself. Many aromatic chemicals are synthesized
counterparts of naturally occurring components of foods or extracts. artificial flavor: the United States Code of Federal Regulations (21CFR 102.22) defines "artificial flavors," as any substance with the purpose of imparting flavor that is not derived from an herb, spice, fruit, vegetable, or other plant of animal source.
ASP: American Society of Perfumers
attar: used in India to describe material
obtained from the co-distillation of Sandalwood and various other botanical
materials. Also used to describe the steam distillation of rose petals
"Rose Otto".
balsam: water insoluble, semi solid or
viscous, resinous exudate of trees and bushes similar to gum resins. The balsam
may be either a physiological or pathological product of the plant. Example:
Balsam Peru.
bioflavanoids: any group of biologically active flavone compounds widely found in plants, especially citrus fruits.
boiling point:
the boiling point of a
liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the
environmental pressure surrounding the liquid.BOL: Bill of
lading (BOL
or
B/L):
A
document that establishes the terms of a contract between a shipper and a
transportation company under which freight is to be moved between specified
points for a specified charge. It serves as a document of title, contract of
carriage, and a receipt for goods. It may also be used as an instrument of
ownership and can be bought, sold, or traded while the goods are in transit. The
Bill of Lading is similar to a Waybill.
borneal acetate:
found in the needles
of many pine and fir species and also in Rosemary and Thyme.
botanical name: refers to the latin name of the plant in the biological classification system. A botanical name is composed of the genus followed by the species.
BP: British Pharmacopoeia
BSP: British Society of
Perfumers
bulk container: a large container designed to carry bulk cargo.BSP: British Society of
Perfumers
ºC: Celsius: Of or relating to a tempature scale that registers the freezing point of water to 0º and the boiling poinr as 100º uder normal atmospheric pressure
CAS
Number: Chemical
Abstracts Service Numbers Registry is a system of numerical identifiers for
chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and
alloys.
camphene:
A colorless crystalline terpene, C10H16, used in the manufacture of synthetic camphor and insecticides.
camphoraceous: aromatic, slightly cooling,
reminiscent of camphor
carrier: a product, relatively tasteless,
which can serve in a flavoring as a diluent, encapsulant, etc. example: gum
acacia and modified starches are carriers in spray dried flavors. Ethyl alcohol
and propylene glycol are carriers used in liquid flavorings.
Certificate of
Analysis "C of A": certified organic farming: cultivation without the use of artificial herbicides,fertilizers or pesticides. Certification by an independent third party sanctioned by the NOP ensures the plants are grown, harvested, transported and processed in a way that protects their integrity.
CFR:
cost and freight
(named destination port): seller must pay the costs and freight to bring the
goods to the port of destination. However risk is transferred to the buyer once
the goods have crossed the ship's rail. Maritime transport only.
chamazulene: this constituent is blue in color
and is created via the distillation process, it is found in german chamomile,
wormwood, yarrow.
citric:
reminiscent of citrus
fruits
citral:
the main constituent
of Lemongrass essential oil, Cymbopogon citratus and C. flexuosus. It can also
be found in Lemon, from the peel of citrus limon, Sweet orange, from the peel of
the citrus sinensis and in Verbena, verbena triphylla.
citronellal:
the main constituent of Java and Ceylon citronella
essential oil, distilled from the fresh leaves of Cymbopogon nardus syn. It is
also found in a variety of Eucalyptus species and in Melissa
officinalis.
CIF: cost, insurance and freight (named
destination port): exactly the same as CFR except that the seller must in
addition procure and pay for insurance for the buyer. Maritime transport
only.
CIP: carriage and insurance paid to
(named place of destination): the containerized transport/multi modal
equivalent of
CIF. Seller pays for carriage and
insurance to the named destination point, but risk passes when the goods are
handed over to the first carrier.
CPT:
carriage paid to
(named place of destination): the general/containerized/multi modal equivalent
of CFR. The seller pays for carriage to the named point of destination, but
risk passes when the goods are handed over to the first carrier.
CO2
extraction:
CO2 extracts, like absolutes, are
solvent extracted products. The key difference is that the solvent in this case
is simply CO2 or Carbon Dioxide.
cold pressed:
citrus essential oils
that are produced from the fruit peel without the use of any heat
processes.
commercial
invoice: a document
required for importing and exporting, usually including all the terms of
sale.
concrete: a solid to semi-solid product
containing essential oil and fatty waxy material obtained after hydrocarbon
extraction of plant tissue, especially flowers, with various solvents (see
absolute)
Continuing Guarantee Statement:
to
the best of our knowledge, said articles comprising each shipment made
hereafter will not be, as of the date of such shipment, adulterated or
misbranded within the meaning of the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic
Act.
consignee:
receiver
consignor:
shipper
consolidation: the combination of two or more consignments to create a more economical freight solution.
consolidation center: a warehouse or distribution center in which goods are assembled into larger units for onward distribution.
country of origin: country where the goods are
manufactured, produced or sourced from nature. The country of origin can be the
country where, according to the origin rules of the importing country, the goods
originate.
CTO:
container terminal
order
customs
broker: an individual or firm licensed by customs authorities to enter and clear imported goods through
customs. The broker represents that importer in dealings with customs authorities.
DC: distribution center
density: the mass per unit volume of a substance under specified conditions of pressure and temperature.
deodorized: the removal of unwanted fragrance or
flavor materials from a botanical product.: diffusion is the spontaneous
movement of liquid, gas, or solid particles from an area of high concentration
to low concentration.
distillate: a clear, flavorful, liquid
produced from fruits, herbs, roots, etc.
distillation: the volatilization or evaporation,
of plant material through the use of heat, and subsequent condensing or cooling
of volatile components in order to recover the essential oil.
distilled
oil: an essential oil
produced or processed by distillation, either dry or steam.
distribution center: a facility that accepts inbound consignments or raw materials, components or finished goods, divides them in different ways into outbound shipments. DC's also contain specialized handling and storage equipment and IT systems and also serve as a general warehouse.
DOT:
Department of
Transportation, this entity is responsible for setting and enforcing regulations
as set forth in 49CFR.
drop
shipment: the direct shipment of goods from a manufacturer to a dealer or consumer on behalf of the wholesaler.
duty:
a tax imposed on
imports by the Customs Authority of a country. Generally duties are based on
the value of the goods.
EINECS Number: European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances indicated by seven digits.
enfleurage: traditional method used to extract
the finest quality essences from delicate flowers such as Rose and
Jasmine.
EPA:
environmental
protection agency
EP: European Pharmacopeia
essential
oil: the volatile oil
containing the essential flavour and aroma of the named plant, herb, root, etc.
The oil is removed by distillation or expression
essence
oil:
esters:
the product of a
chemical reaction that occurs between an alcohol and an organic acid. Organic
acids have a terminal carbon that shares electrons with both a carbonyl group
and a hydroxyl group. Essential oils rich in esters are Clary Sage, Geranium,
Inula, Lavender, Neroli, Petitgrain, Patchouli and Rosewood.
EU Natural
Certificate: indicates data to qualify as a
natural "flavoring substance" as defined in European Communities (88/388/EEC),
Article 9.
eucalyptol:
this is the main
constituent found in Eucalyptus globulus and Cajeput.
expression: A production method used to obtain
citrus oils (ie lemon) and fruit juices. The expressed or cold pressed essential
oils are obtained from the peels of the fruits. Expression yields essential oils
which can contain a certain amount of non-volatile material.
extract:
a solution of taken
out of plants, fruits, etc., to be used as flavouring material, often
concentrated. May be alcohol or non-alcohol based. Includes concretes,
oleoresins and tinctures
extraction:
a process of treating
a natural raw material that may be too delicate to be processed with heat, with
an organic solvent. The solvent portion containing the extracted material is
filtered and the solvent removed. The extract will contain non-volatile as well
as volatile components. Oleoresins, resinoids, concretes, and absolutes are all
produced by extraction.
exudate:
non-cellular, natural
raw material that is secreted by plants, either spontaneously or after wounding.
Examples - Balsam Peru, Balsam Copaiba, etc.
EXW: ex works (named place): the seller
makes the goods available at his premises
ºF: Fahrenheit. Of or relating to a temperature scale that registers the freezing point
of water as 32° and the boiling point as 212° at one atmosphere of
pressure.
FAS:
free alongside ship
(named loading port): the seller must place the goods alongside the ship at the
named port. The seller must clear the goods for export, suitable for maritime
transport only.
FCA:
free carrier (named
place): the seller hands over the goods, cleared for port, into the custody of
the first carrier (named by the buyer) at the named place. This term is
suitable for all modes of transport, including carriage by air, rail, road, and
containerized/multi-modal transport.
FCC:
Food Chemicals
Codex
FCF:
furamo-coumarin free,
many plants contain furocoumarins such as bergaptene, which are known
photosensitizers. Bergaptene is a naturally occurring component of bergamot
essential oil. When bergamot oil is applied, the skin can become very sensitive
to ultraviolet light.
FCL:
full container
load
FDA:
Food & Drug
Administration
FDA
Registration Number:
FEIN: Federal Employment Identification
Number
FEMA: Flavour and Extract Manufacturers'
Association
: A fixative is a plant or animal
substance of low volatility that serves to draw together and hold the fragrances
of other materials. It may be in the form of a liquid, such as an essential oil
or fragrance that will slow the evaporation process and preserve the aromatic
sensation of the blend
flash
point: the flash point
of a flammable liquid is the lowest temperature at which it can form an
ignitable mixture in air.
FMA:
Fragrance Materials
Association
FOB: free on board ( named loading
port): the classic maritime trade term, seller must load goods on board the ship
designated by the buyer, cost and risk being divided at ship's rail.
folded
oils: essential oils
from which terpenes and/or sesquiterpenes have been removed by vacuum
distillation or solvents separation for the purpose of increasing solubility in
dilute alcohol, improving stability against oxidation, and increasing the odor
and flavour. natural colors are not removed, hence these are typically highly
colored
- considered safe for use in food by
the Food and Drug Administration.
fractional
distillation: in the fractional
steam distillation process, the essential oil is collected in batches over the
distillation period during given time intervals. Ylang Ylang is a material in
which the initial oil yield taken initially and is referred to as Ylang Ylang
1st. The next is referred to as Ylang Ylang 2nd, and thereafter Ylang Ylang
3rd. A blend of all the batches is referred to as Ylang Ylang
Complete.FTA: Free Trade Zone refers to a commercial or industrial area usually near a port of entry where merchandise and raw material imports are not subject to customs charges or duties.
freight
forwarder: A person or company involved in the collection, consolidation, shipping and distribution of goods from overseas territories. Typically, freight forwarders clear freight through customs, prepare documents and arrange shipping, warehousing and delivery.
FTC: Federal Trade
Commission
FTL:
full truck
load
GC:
gas
chromatography is a method of measuring the volatile chemical constituents of a substance.
GCMS: gas chromotography mass spectrometry is a method for identifying and analyzing the volatile chemical constituents of a substance.
GLA:
gamma linoleic acid is
an essential fatty acid , the best-known plant sources of GLA is found in
Evening Primrose, Borage, Black Currant Seed and Rosehip Seed Oils.
GMP: Good Manufacturing
Practices
GMO: an organism whose genetic material
has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.
GMO
Certificate: indicates that a product has not
been produced by gene modification. The additive/flavoring/ingredient(s) are not
derived from or from the use of genetically modified organisms. This material
does not contain DNA and/or protein from genetic modification.
GRAS: Generally Recognized as Safe is an affirmation process overseen by the FDA, the GRAS Notification Program started with the Food Additives Amendment to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. Any substance intentionally added to food is a food additive and is subject to pre-market approval by the FDA unless the use of the substance is generally recognized as safe.
HALAL: refers to
food that is permissible according to Islamic Law.
HALAL
Statement: this statement is a certification
from a recognized Islamic council indicating that material:does not contain or
has not been produced from materials from animal origins including e.g. milk,
meat, fat, oil, enzymes or gelatin from cow, buffalo, chickens, avians, sheep or
porcine. The material is also not produced directly with ethanol.
HAZMAT: A dangerous good is any solid,
liquid, or gas that can harm people, other living organisms, property, or the
environment.
HTS Number:
Harmonized Commodity
Description and Coding System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally
standardized system of names and numbers for classifying traded products
developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO)
HVD:
high vacuum
distillation
hydrocarbons:
compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen in their structure.
hydrosol:
this refers to
the name for the water left after a
steam or water distillation of an essential oil.
IATA: International
Air Transport Association
IFEAT:
International
Federation of Essential Oil Traders
INCI:
International
Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredients
Incoterm:
Incoterms or
international
commercial terms are a
series of international sales terms widely used throughout the world. They are
used to divide transaction costs and responsibilities between buyer and seller
and reflect state-of-the-art transportation practices.
unable to be dissolved in a liquid
such as water.
isoprene
units:
ISO: International Standards
Organization
isolate: seperation of an
aroma chemical from an essential oil via distillation (mechanically) or
hydrolysis (chemically), or by other partitioning method. Example - Eugenol ex
Clove Leaf.
ketones: organic molecules with a
nonterminal carbonyl group (C=O). Ketones contain only carbons directly
attached to the carbonyl group. These are the most potentially toxic compounds
found in essential oils like; hyssop, sage, pennyroyal and thuja.
Kosher:
refers to Jewish
dietary laws. Food in accord with halakka (Jewish law) is termed
kosher.
Kosher
Certificate: The OU symbol on your products or services indicates that their kosher status is being
independently monitored by the staff of the Orthodox Union's Kashruth Division. That
symbol is recognized by the kosher consumer as the sign that your products meet the
strictest standards of kosher.
limonene:
(+) Limonene is the
main constituent of the volatile oils expressed from the fresh peel of citrus
fruits ie; lemon, tangerine, bitter and sweet orange. It also occurs in the
essential oils of caraway, dill and neroli.
linalyl
acetate: an important
constituent of Lavender, Bergamot, and Petitgrain.
LTL: less-than-truckload
lot
number: Lot numbers are used to track distinct groups of inventory
within a given product. Lot tracking is useful for
products such as pharmaceuticals and limited-shelf-life
products, or products such as chemicals, which are tracked
within individual containers.
melting
point: used to
identify a substance and assess purity, the melting point of a pure substance is
a unique property of that substance.
maceration: a method of preparing plant
material prolonged soaking in water.
medicinal: reminiscent of medical
preparations and pharmaceuticals, usually aromatic
minty: warm but cooling, refreshing
character reminiscent of peppermint
MIRC:
Mint Industry Research
Council
monoterpenes: the most commonly occurring of the
organic molecules that make up essential oils, limonene and pinene being the
most frequently occurring of all. Essential oils rich in monoterpenes are
Angelica, Bergamot, Black Pepper, Juniper, Lemon, Lime, Orange, Pine and
Mandarin
MSDS: Material Safety Data
Sheet
natural flavor: THe United States Code of Federal Regulations, 21 CFR designates the term 'natural flavor' is derived from essential oil, oeleoresin, essence or extractive which contains the flavoring constituents derived from a spice, fruit, vegetable, herb, bark, bud, root or similiar plant material whose significant function in food is flavoring rather than for nutrition. You must declare these ingredients in ingredient lists by using either specific common our usual names.
NDC: National Drug
Code
NF: National Formulary
NI:
A natural identical
is a product, natural or artificial, which has the chemical structure identical
to that found in nature.
NOP: National Organic Program
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organoleptic: Relating to perception by a sensory organ.
oxides:
the only major oxide
to be found within essential oils is the chemical 1.8 cineole, which is also
known as Eucalyptol. Essential oils rich in oxides include Eucalyptus,
Cajeput, Niaouli and Tea Tree.
optical
rotation: an objective test performed to determine the purity of an essential oil. A polarimeter is used to measure the degree a light ray bends when it is passed through a column of oil. The reading is compared to established standards; significant deviation from the standard may indicate impurities.
pharmacology:
the study of the
interaction of biologically active agents with living systems.
pharmadynamics: looks at the effects of an agent
at active sites in the body.
pharmacokinetics: is concerned with the effects the
body has on medicine and specifically the concentrations which can be achieved
at active sites.
phenols:
an aromatic compound
than contains an -OH group attached to the carbon of a benzene ring. Essential
oils rich in phenols are Basil, Thyme and Oregano.
photosensitization:
a small number of
essential oils increase the skin's sensitivity to ultra-violet light. Oils to
avoid using while in the sun are Bergamot, Bitter Orange, Blood Orange,
Grapefruit, Lemon, Lime, Sweet Orange.
phytochemistry:
the branch of science
which studies the chemical nature and classification of plant and essential oil
consitutuents.
pick-and-pack: the process by which goods are picked against customers' order and then packed for onward distribution.
rectification: To refine or purify, especially by distillation.
re distilled oils: those that have undergone a second
distillation (rectification), in addition to the distillation that separated the
oil from the plant to produce a finer flavor and odor. Re distilled peppermint
oil is an example although many essential oils do not need - and are not
improved by redistillation
refractive
index:
resinoid:
resinoids are obtained from naturally
resinous materials, such as fir, pine or balsam trees, via hydrocarbon
extraction. Oleoresins: Oleoresins may be obtained naturally, as seepage or
exudation, from plants.
sesquiterpenes: a
class of aromatic molecules that occur widely in the Labiatae, Myrtaceae,
Pinaceae and Rutaceae families. Essential oils rich in sesquiterpenes are
German Chamomile, Ginger, Lavender, Pactchouli, Roman Chamomile, Sandalwood and
Vetiver.
shelf-life: the stability of a food or flavour
under specific conditions of storage
solubilizer: an ingredient capable of
dispersing an otherwise insoluble flavourant in an aqueous base
solvent: relatively weakly flavoured
liquids capable of dissolving a certain material or mixture. in flavour work,
used to adjust dosage levels, and ensure complete dispersion of flavourants.
Major flavour solvents are ethyl alcohol, propylene glycol, vegetable
oil
solvent-like: usually harsh, light, ethereal;
reminiscent of those usually low molecular weight liquids that are employed as
industrial solvents
specific
gravity: specific
gravity is defined as the ratio of the density of a given substance to the
density of water.
specification
sheet (SPEC):
supply chain: all the elements in the process of supplying a product to a customer. The chain begins with the sourcing of raw materials and ends with the delivery of finished merchandise to the end-user.
Tariff: a tax on goods
upon importation.
temperature-controlled: the storage and distribution of goods within a certain temperature range as required by the product type.
terpenes: the volatile liquid hydrocarbons
that are found in many of the essential oils. They are generally insoluble in
water, are very susceptible to oxidation and contribute to flavour value.
Terpenes are classified according to the number of iosprene units that their
molecules contain.
terpeneless
essential:
concentrated essential oils from which the bulk of terpenes are removed, making
them more soluble in water, less prone to oxidation and yielding. A product with
a crisper, fresher taste and greater flavour strength. non-volatiles are
removed, hence these are colorless to pale colored liquids
tincture: alcoholic extract from natural raw
material where alcohol content is not reduced
US Natural
Certificate: indicates whether or not a
product
qualifies or there is sufficient data to qualify as a natural flavor or
flavoring as defined in 21CFR 1.
USP: United States Pharmacopoeia
UN
Number: four-digit numbers that identify hazardous substances,
and articles (such as explosives, flammable liquids, toxic substances,
etc.) in the framework of international transport. Some hazardous substances have their own UN numbers, while sometimes groups of chemicals or products with
similar properties receive a common UN number. A chemical in its solid state
may receive a different UN number than the liquid phase if their
hazardous properties differ significantly; substances with different
levels of purity (or concentration in solution) may also receive
different UN numbers.
VAT: Value added tax
WFFC: Women in Flavor and Fragrance
Commerce, Inc.
winterized: Cold filtered process removing waxes
& stearines which cause cloudiness when temperatures
drop.wonf: with other natural
flavors
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